Outcome Number of studies Odds ratio Confidence interval (95% confidence level) Reduction in Needle Sharing 6 3.22 2.17-4.77 Needle and Syringe Programs (NSPs) are interventions that provide drug preparation and injection equipment to injection drug users to decrease equipment sharing, and consequently, HIV transmission risk. Drug equipment may include needles, syringes, and other ancillary mat...

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There is now compelling evidence that harm reduction approaches to HIV prevention among injecting drug users are effective, safe and cost-effective. The evidence of effectiveness is strongest for needle and syringe programs and opioid substitution treatment. There is no convincing evidence that needle and syringe programs increase injecting drug use. The low prevalence approximately 1%) of HIV ...

objectives: our objective was to design an rct in order to assess the effects of adding a brief skill-based psychoeducation (pe) to routine needle and syringe programs to reduce injection and high risk sexual behaviors associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection among referrals of drop-in centers (dics). method/design: this was a randomized control trial with the primary hypoth...

BACKGROUND When shared by people who inject drugs, needles and syringes with different dead space may affect the probability of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission differently. METHODS We measured dead space in 56 needle and syringe combinations obtained from needle and syringe programs across 17 countries in Europe and Asia. We also calculated the amounts of blood and HIV that would...

OBJECTIVE The role of needle and syringe sharing behavior of injection drug users (IDUs) in spreading of blood-borne infections - specially HIV/AIDS - is well known. However, very little is known in this regard from Iran. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and associates of needle and syringe sharing among Iranian IDUs. METHODS In a secondary analysis of a sample of drug dep...

BACKGROUND The Japanese Government settled a class litigation case with hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers who claim to have been infected through needle/syringe sharing in childhood mass vaccination with a blanket compensation agreement. However, it is difficult to estimate how many of the present HBV carriers were infected horizontally from mass vaccination and how many were infected vertically...

Background and Aims: Most children get a lot of anxiety while they visit a dentist. The most important factor in the child's fear at the beginning of treatment is the syringe and needle. Ways to cope with this anxiety include behavioural control techniques such as mental regeneration, distraction, and induction. The purpose of this study was to compare the pain and anxiety in children when usin...

Background: Needle-syringe programs (NSP) have been running in Iran since 2002. However, the coverage of such program among the NSP clients at the individual level was not studies yet. This study aimed to determine the client coverage of NSP and its correlation with high injection-related risk behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Kermanshah province, Iran, in 2014. 230 ...